Cardio-Protective Effect of Ethylacetate Fraction of Cola Hispida Leaves on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the possible cardio-protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Cola hispida leaves on doxorubucin-induced cardiotoxicity in wistar rats. The percentage yield of the leaves was 11.9 % w/w. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the plant secondary metabolites showed the presence of terpenoids (1.200.21mg/g), saponins (1.090.20 mg/g), flavonoids (0.990.50mg/g), alkaloids (0.870.20mg/g), tannins (0.850.13 mg/g) and glycosides (0.370.16 mg/g). The result of proximate composition showed the presence of carbohydrate (68.450.02 %), moisture content (16.710.06 %), crude protein (8.440.03 %), crude fibre (3.870.21 %), fats (1.350.02 %), and ash (1.180.02 %). The result of mineral composition showed the presence of potassium (0.850.01 %), iron (0.490.00 %), zinc (0.140.00 %) and copper (0.030.02 %) while the result of vitamin composition revealed the presence of vitamin C (26.100.03 mg/100g), vitamin E (3.870.15 mg/100g), vitamin A (0.080.01 IU). A total of thirty (30) adult male and female albino rats were divided into six (6) groups with five (5) animals in each group. Groups 1 received distilled water only, Group 2 received DOX only, Group 3 received 100mg/kg b. w of vitamin E while Groups 4, 5 and 6 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w of Cola hispida leave fraction respectively. A single dose, 20 mg/kg b.w of Doxorubicin was administered intraperitoneally to all the groups except group I on the twenty-seventh day. The result showed that Doxorubicin intoxication caused a significant (p0.05) higher in the groups that received fraction and Vit E when compared to the group that received Dox only. The activities of antioxidant enzymes of the heart homogenate (SOD, CAT and GPx) showed a dose dependent significant (p

This study was undertaken to investigate the possible cardio-protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Cola hispida leaves on doxorubucin-induced cardiotoxicity in wistar rats. The percentage yield of the leaves was 11.9 % w/w. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the plant secondary metabolites showed the presence of terpenoids (1.200.21mg/g), saponins (1.090.20 mg/g), flavonoids (0.990.50mg/g), alkaloids (0.870.20mg/g), tannins (0.850.13 mg/g) and glycosides (0.370.16 mg/g). The result of proximate composition showed the presence of carbohydrate (68.450.02 %), moisture content (16.710.06 %), crude protein (8.440.03 %), crude fibre (3.870.21 %), fats (1.350.02 %), and ash (1.180.02 %). The result of mineral composition showed the presence of potassium (0.850.01 %), iron (0.490.00 %), zinc (0.140.00 %) and copper (0.030.02 %) while the result of vitamin composition revealed the presence of vitamin C (26.100.03 mg/100g), vitamin E (3.870.15 mg/100g), vitamin A (0.080.01 IU). A total of thirty (30) adult male and female albino rats were divided into six (6) groups with five (5) animals in each group. Groups 1 received distilled water only, Group 2 received DOX only, Group 3 received 100mg/kg b. w of vitamin E while Groups 4, 5 and 6 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w of Cola hispida leave fraction respectively. A single dose, 20 mg/kg b.w of Doxorubicin was administered intraperitoneally to all the groups except group I on the twenty-seventh day. The result showed that Doxorubicin intoxication caused a significant (p0.05) higher in the groups that received fraction and Vit E when compared to the group that received Dox only. The activities of antioxidant enzymes of the heart homogenate (SOD, CAT and GPx) showed a dose dependent significant (p 0.05) higher in the groups that received fraction and Vit E when compared to the group that received Dox only. The activities of antioxidant enzymes of the heart homogenate (SOD, CAT and GPx) showed a dose dependent significant (p<0.05) increase with the groups that received fraction and vit E when compared to the group that received Dox only. The DPPH result showed that the standard drug (ascorbic acid) possess a better scavenging activities when compared with the fraction. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in groups that received vit E and fraction when compared to the group that received Dox only. Furthermore, the histological examination of the heart tissues showed significant multifocal areas of hyaline degeneration and myocardial necrosis indicating cardiotoxicity in the group that received Dox only while the normal control and groups that received Vit E and 400 mg/kg b.w extract respectively showed a normal histo-architecture of the heart. The observed cardio-protective effects of the Cola hispida leave extract were dose dependent hence could be attributed to its antioxidant properties.